Today’s post is almost a continuation of a previous post. Because today we will bring the widespread ret2libc. Before starting, give a brief explanation of what is ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization). It is a simple protection method that randomizes the...

Since 2000, operating systems began to support the NX bit and emulators of it. The PaX patch for Linux (who also includes ASLR), ExecShield (RedHat), W^X (OpenBSD and macOS) and DEP appear (from Windows to WinXP SP2). This protection is to distinguish memory pages ...

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